Today March 22nd, marks the centennial of the birth of one of the world's greatest creators of the animators' art- Milt Kahl.



Floyd Bishop posted some great docu-clips on Kahl's life including an interview on the Frederator Blog-

http://frederatorblogs.com/channel_frederator/2009/03/22/milt-kahls-100th-birthday/



Milt Kahl was beloved for his work, but by all accounts he was a difficult man to love.

Milt on his assistants:" When I fart, I expect them to say it smells like roses!!"

Milt on teaching animation:" Aww,...just F&%$*ING DRAW!"

Milt on retiring from Disneys:" I didn't retire, I F*&%$ing QUIT!"

Milt to Bakshi about an offer to work on Lord of the Rings:" Nah, if I wanted to keep doing SHIT I would have stayed at DISNEY!!

Even his peers among the Nine Old Men acknowledged Kahl along with Marc Davis the best draftsmen on their team.

He was cranky, blunt, at times coarse, but when he gave his friendship it was for real. And his work inspired generations of animators.

Art Babbitt told me Milt had a flawless style, but he could not put into words what he was exactly doing. His creative process was natural to him.

Richard Williams told me Milt is celebrated as a draftsman, but under appreciated as an actor. He had the extraordinary ability to boil the meaning of a scene down to two poses, free of all extraneous gesturing and confusion.

Milt on himself:
“It’s a very difficult medium. Animation necessarily requires a pretty good draftsman, because you’ve got to turn things, to be able to draw well enough to turn things from every angle. You have to understand movement, which in itself is quite a study. You have to be an actor. You have to put on a performance, to be a showman, to be able to evaluate how good the entertainment is. You have to know what’s the best way of doing it, and have an appreciation of where it belongs in the picture. you have to be a pretty good story man. To be a really good animator, then, you have to be a jack-of-all-trades. I don’t mean to say that I’m all these things, but I try hard. I got accused over the years of being a fine draftsman. Actually, I don’t really draw that well. It’s just that I don’t stop trying as quickly. I keep at it. I happen to have high standards and I try to meet them. I have to struggle like hell to make a drawing look good.”

The Motion Picture Academy is preparing the next Marc Davis Lecture at the end of April to be a comprehensive salute to this cumudgeonly Old Master.


In our overloaded information age when the celebrities of the past slip silently into oblivion, some digital overlords presume to claim animators are a mere functionary between modeling and lighting. To that I am sure, Milt Kahl, the Olivier of Animators, The Mahler of Animators, would reply: GO F^%$#@*& !!!!!

Quiz: What does it mean when you glean something?

Quiz: One more Irish Question. What was Cher’s original name?
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History for 3/22/2009
Birthdays: Sir Anthony Van Dyck, Marcel Marceau, Stephen Sondheim, Karl Malden, Werner Klemperer- Colonel Klink in Hogan’s Heroes, George Benson, James Gavin, Allen Neuharth the founder of USA-Today, Fanny Ardant, Lena Olin, William Shatner,
Disney master animator Milt Kahl would have been 100 today! 1909-2009

In ancient Rome this day was the Festival of the Entry of the Tree- when the priestesses of Cybele Goddess of the Harvest would lead a procession through the streets carrying pine or palm branches. In later times the Christians took this custom and made it Palm Sunday.



1622-POWHATAN INDIANS SUPRISE ATTACK JAMESTOWN.-While the Pilgrims were still thinking of coming to America and Plymouth Rock was just another rock, Jamestown Virginia was the only English settlement in North America. After the deaths of Pocahontas and Powhatan in in 1619, Opescanacough- pronounced Opee-cantanoo, became Mamanatowick- overall chief of the Virginia Powhatan Confederation. He had hated the English since the days of John Smith. So he resolved to rid his land of the white settlers once and for all with a simultaneous assault on them from all sides on the same day. The settlers were taken completely by surprise, many while tending their fields. 300 were killed, among them John Rolfe, the husband of the late princess Pocahontas.
Despite such heavy losses the English recovered and in a slow war of attrition eventually defeated and killed Opescanocough and annihilated the Powhatan people.

1687- LULLY DIES. Jean Francois Lully was court composer to Louis XIV the "Sun King" and by all accounts a champion hustler and opportunist. The King once paid him for a march with a bag of diamonds. In an age when the Baton had not come into use for conductors (not until Beethoven’s time.) Lully conducted his orchestra by beating a large pole on the ground to the tempo of the music. One day during a performance he poked a hole in his own foot with the pole and died of blood poisoning.


On his deathbed he asked a priest for Last Rites but the priest refused unless he burned his latest opera "Atys" which the church considered blasphemous (the church was always angry at theater folk for all the mythological allegories, they refused Last Rites to Moliere as well ). Lully admitted his sins and burned the manuscript of ATYS in front of the priest, who then gave him the sacrament. Later a friend came in and said:"How could you burn your work?" Lully replied:" Don't worry. I have another copy here in my desk. "

1820 - Commodore Stephen Decatur was killed in duel with Commodore James Baron outside Wash. D.C.. Decatur was a colorful Naval Hero of the War with Tripoli and War of 1812 who said "My Country Right or Wrong" .

1905-WELTSMACHT (world power) Kaiser Wilhelm in a speech for a dedication ceremony in Bremen tells the Germans that it is their natural right to dominate the world. It was another of his emotionally immature statements that sent chills through an already tense world situation. We now think all German government officials then were like the Nazis, robotic and fanatical. But in the Kaiser’s time many of his officials were just as cynical as anyone else. German diplomats went crazy whenever he said anything stupid like this speech, knowing the repercussions it would have around the world. One attache tried to release to the press an edited text, but the Kaiser complained: “Bauer, you’ve left out all the good parts!” Another time after the Kaiser did a candid interview for the London Globe and Mail where he called the English a "Race of Mad Bulls." The German ambassador in London said to a colleague "Oh Well, we might as well start packing right now..."

1913- Jack London (White Fang, The Call of the Wild ) wrote fellow writers HG Wells, George Bernard Shaw and Winston Churchill and asked them how much they get paid. He was unsure what to charge.

1933- The first SS run concentration camp Dachau opened.

1944- When the evidence became overwhelming President Franklin Roosevelt in a national radio address first told the American people of Hitler’s holocaust of the Jews. He warned that all persons aiding in these war crimes would be hunted down. Still no attempt was ever made to bomb Auschwitz, Dachau or even the railroad links to them. US Immigration rules had been tightened since 1938. Although Jewish groups had complained for years, the US public never really understood the full horror of the death camps until the film footage returned from the land armies a full year later.

1945- Several Arab nations including Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Egypt form the Arab League. Their goal is the eventual unity of all Arab peoples from the Atlantic to the Persian Gulf, but about the only thing they all agreed on was hostility to a Jewish state in Israel.

1947- In an atmosphere of Anti-Commie hysteria, President Truman signed Executive Order # 9835. It ordered background checks of all government employees, and to take a Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Two million took the oath, only 129 were sacked for refusing.

1958- Hollywood producer Mike Todd was killed in a small plane crash. He produced hit movies like Around the World in 80 Days and romanced starlets like Gypsy Rose Lee and Elizabeth Taylor. Taylor and Todd had been married for one year and she was devastated by the accident. Years and many marriages later Taylor said Mike Todd was the only man she actually loved.

1960- Arthur Shawlow and Charles Townes patent the laser beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation or LASER.

1970- The Beatles break up. Paul MacCartney filed papers in a London court for a formal dissolving of the Fab Fours partnership.

1972- After several years of study and hearings, the National Commission on Drug Abuse recommended ending all laws prohibiting marijuana. No one listened to them.

1972- Congress passed the ERA, the Equal Rights Amendment, forbidding any discrimination by sex. The ERA was first proposed by women’s rights groups in 1923. With the heady atmosphere of Women’s Liberation in the early 70s the amendment seemed a no-brainer, however the Conservative backlash led by anti-feminists like Phyllis Schlafly slowly stunted it’s ability to win over states for ratification. The ERA died unratified in 1982.

1978- Karl Wallenda, 73 year old scion of the daredevil family the Flying Wallendas, fell to his death from a tightrope between two resort hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

1991- Ivana Trump divorces Donald Trump. A celebrated court case ensued to see how the huge Trump fortune would be divided. Newspapers cry Ivanna More Money!

1995- First day of shooting on that utterly classic film- Dinosaur Valley Girls!

2004- Israeli missiles blew up Sheik Achmed Yasin, the quadriplegic founder of the Palestinian group Hamas.

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Yesterdays Quiz: What was Cher’s original name?

Answer: Cherilyn Sarkisian.

Quiz: What was Cher’s original name?

Yesterday’s Question Answered below: What opera ends with the two lovers being buried alive, then they sing a beautiful love duet as they suffocate?
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History for 3/21/2009
Birthdays: Plato, Johann Sebastian Bach, Benito Juarez, Modest Mussorgsky, Fats Waller, Josef Pulitzer, Florenz Zeigfield, Bronco Billy Anderson, Rev Ralph Abernathy, Armand Hammer, Harold Robbins, Matthew Broderick is 47, Gary Oldman is 51, James Coco, Timothy Dalton is 65, Rosie O’Donnell is 47

717 A.D. Battle of Vinciacus- Charles Martel, aka Charles the Hammer", defeated Ragenfridus and the Merovingian pretenders and assured the Carolingian line on the throne of the Franks, aka the French. Hammer don’t hurt’em! Charles Martel’s grandson was Charlemagne. His great-grandson Pippin was made into a musical by Bob Fosse and Stephen Schwarz in the 1970's. A musical called "Ragenfridus!" just doesn't have the same panache.

1617-Pocahontas, now called Lady Rebecca Rolfe, died at Gravesend, England after being taken off the homeward bound ship, too ill with smallpox to continue. She was 21. Her children with John Rolfe became the beginnings of one of the largest families in Virginia, with many scions of the Old Dominion tracing their ancestry to Pocahontas.

1740- Composer Antonio Vivaldi - Il Pietro Rosso- the Red Priest, conducted his last concert at the Ospedale Della Pietra in Venice. It was a home for orphaned girls so it was an all-girl orchestra. The 64 year old Vivaldi later went to Vienna to see if he could get any commissions from the Austrian Emperor, but caught an illness on the way and died.

1804-THE CODE NAPOLEON- The French civil law courts had been in a hopeless muddle with 368 separate regional law codes some dating back to the Middle Ages. Nappy tackled the problem like he did a battle. He presided over 35 of 87 all day meetings of the jurists- once waking up the drowsy legislators with the cry “Come Gentlemen, Let us Earn our Salaries!” The CODE NAPOLEON became the basis for all French civil property rights and family law and is still in use in Louisiana and Quebec Canada today. Napoleon said: ” When the memory of my forty battlefield victories have faded, what will live forever is my Civil Code.”

1829- The British Prime Minister the Duke of Wellington had to work so hard to get a Bill of Catholic Emancipation through Parliament that on this day he had to fight a duel with an opposition mp, a Lord Winchelsea. They popped away at each other without doing any harm and that seemed to satisfy everyone’s honor.

1859- The first zoo opened in the U.S.

1871- William Stanley set out to find Dr. David Livingstone. Livingstone was an explorer –missionary who had disappeared into the African jungle. No one had heard from for two years. Stanley, an illegitimate Welshman, had been a soldier in the American Civil War and fought on both sides. He undertook this African expedition financed by the New York Herald. His reliance on crass American commercial tie-ins offended the Royal Explorers Club who snubbed him even after he found Livingstone and proved Speeckes theory of the source of the Nile correct. His Swahili name was “Bula Matari” the Breaker of Rocks.

1918- The Ludendorf Offensive (second battle of the Somme) begins. When Lenin took over Russia he immediately made peace with the Germans to end the Great War in the East. This freed up one million German troops for the Western Front. German strategist Erich Von Ludendorf hurled them into one last attack to win the war before the American armies could arrive in greater numbers. Ludendorf (who was such a stiff Prussian it was said he made love with his monocle on.) called the action "Kaiserschlacht" ( Kaiser's Battle") and he promised the Kaiser that he would be in Paris by April 1st. When this attack was stopped by the fresh American forces, the German High Command admitted their chances of winning the Great War were kaput.

1921- Chicago mobster Big Jim Colosimo was murdered by a new face in gangsterdom, a hitman for Johnny Torrio named Alfonso “Scarface” Capone. When Al Capone became famous, he showed his appreciation to Torrio by having him rubbed out too.

1933-the Nazis dominated Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, giving newly elected Chancellor Adolph Hitler complete dictatorial powers to combat anarchy and terrorism. Hitler kept elderly President Hindenburg around for image sake until his death a year later. The Weimar Republic ended and the Third Reich began. Also passed today was an edict called the Heimtuckegesetz, or Malicious Practices Law, which made it a crime to criticize the Nazis.

1935- Persia renamed Iran and Mesopotamia renamed Iraq.

1951- HOLLYWOOD COMMIES- House UnAmerican Acitivities Commitee (HUAC) under Judge J. Parnell Thomas moves from Washington and sets up in Hollywood to continue rooting out Communist subversion in the movies. They began in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, and later move to the federal building downtown. Their concerns weren’t total fantasy, actor Sterling Hayden confessed he was ordered by his communist operatives to try and influence the Screen Actor’s Guild. Still the point remains whether the authorities overreaction was justified and whether Congress could get more publicity looking for spies in Tinseltown than the Department of Games and Fisheries. Out of 15,000 people who made a living in the movies and television, only 295 were ever proven or confessed communists. It was an open secret that for $5,000 delivered to the right committee member your dossier would be moved to the bottom of the pile. The hearings stopped in 1956, the blacklist was broken in 1960 and Judge J. Parnell Thomas went to jail himself for embezzlement. Screenwriter Ring Lardner , already convicted of contempt of Congress in the Hollywood Ten trials was sitting in jail with his gangster cellmate listening to all the famous moviestars denounce each other on the radio. The hoodlum turned to Lardner and said:" Hey, if you are one of dem Reds lemme give ya some advice: Any organization wid dat many finks in it can't be any good !"

1952- DJ Alan Freed put on an event of new pop music in Cleveland Ohio. Called the MoonDog Coronation Ball, it was the very first Rock Concert.

1960- THE SHARPEVILLE MASSACRE- White South African police confronting a peaceful demonstration in the black township of Sharpeville open fire with machine guns into the crowd, killing 69 and injuring hundreds. Nelson Mandela and other African National Congress leaders abandon for a time peaceful protest and form a militant wing of their movement- Spear of the Nation.

1961- The Beatles first perform at the Cavern Club in Hamburg Germany.

1961- based on the success of the first Playboy Club in Chicago, Playboy Clubs with their Bunny waitresses opened in New York, Miami and LA.

1963- On orders from Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Alcatraz Prison was closed.

1976- ASPEN MURDER- Jet setter Claudine Longet, a model who was formerly married to singer Andy Williams, shot and killed her lover Spider Sabich, a Olympic skiing champion. Even though their relationship was foundering she said it was an accident, that the Luger went off in his abdomen when he was showing her how to use it. In the bathroom. Uh Huh. Imagine being in the bathroom shaving and your girlfriend pops in “Honey, I’m having problems with the safety on my Luger..Here darling I’ll just –oops!”
She spent 30 days in jail for negligent manslaughter, then married her defense attorney.

1980- Mafia capo Angelo Bruno received a shotgun blast to the head while he sat in his car after dinner. The Genovese family had his former capo Phil "Chicken Man" Testa take over rackets in Atlantic City.

1988- the Screen Actor's Guild hits the bricks for the fourth time in twenty years, this time striking Hollywood for residuals for cable and videocassette income.

2014-Asteroid# 2003QQ47 will pass close by the Earth. If the half mile wide rock hits us it will have the effect of 23 Hiroshima bombs and cause drastic climactic convulsions. Right now the odds are 900,000 – 1 if we get hit. Get your catchers mitts out!
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Yesterday’s Question: What opera ends with the two lovers being buried alive, then they sing a beautiful love duet as they suffocate?

Answer: Aida. Verdi left his librettist and director strict instructions that they not sound in pain or gasping for air as they sing the last duet, but go to sleep gently.

Question: What opera ends with the two lovers being buried alive, then they sing a beautiful love duet as they suffocate?

Yesterday’s Question answered below: Copernicus was the Latinized form for Nicholas Kopernik, Tamurlane was Timur Khan, who was K’ung fu tzu ?
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History for 3/20/2009
Birthday: Roman poet Ovid -43b.c., Napoleon’s son Napoleon II "l'Aiglon" The eaglet, Henryk Ibsen, Lauritz Melchior, Ray Goulding of Bob & Ray, Mr. Rogers, Carl Reiner is 87, Bobby Orr, Sheldon "Spike" Lee, B.F. Skinner, Pat Riley, Sir Michael Redgrave, Edgar Buchanan, Holly Hunter

Happy Vernal Equinox, or Spring, if you will….



44BC- The Great Funeral of Gaius Julius Caesar. The spot in the Forum where the common people tearfully cremated Caesar’s body is still there today. Caesars lieutenant Marc Anthony won the Roman populace over by appealing to their love of Caesar.” Friends Romans Countrymen Lend me your Ears!” as Shakespeare wrote. At a key moment Anthony revealed Caesar’s bloody toga. The assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius Longinus thought the people would proclaim them heroes for saving the democracy. But they committed a fatal error by staying hidden during this ceremony. They lost public sympathy, and a grief stricken mob murdered a man on the street whom they mistakenly thought was one of the conspirators. Brutus & Cassius soon fled Rome.

courtesy of karenswhimsy.com

1413- Prince Hal ascended the throne of England as King Henry V. He spent most of his short reign trying to conquer France and won the stunning victory at Agincourt. If he hadn’t died of dysentery at age 35 he might have united the kingdoms of France and England. Once more into the breach my friends!

1777- Benjamin Franklin was officially presented at the court of Versailles to meet King Louis XVI. Spain, Russia and Sweden withheld their ambassadors, both not wishing to cause a rift with England. His eyes teared up when he was introduced, not as representing rebellious English colonies, but as “ DR FRANKLIN, COUNSUL OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA!” This is the birth of U.S. foreign policy.

1800- Alessandro Volta announced he had invented the electric battery.

1815- Napoleon Bonaparte was borne on the shoulders of a cheering Parisian mob back into the Tuileries palace as fat King Louis XVIII hightailed it to England. From this day to Nappy's abdication after Waterloo is referred to as the Hundred Days.

1841- Edgar Allen Poe's The Murder's in the Rue Morgue first published in Graham’s Magazine. Called the first true detective novel, Poe's detective C. Auguste Dupin was inspired by a real French sleuth named Jules Vinquoc who used disguises and science to solve crimes the Paris police could not handle. The character was the inspirations for Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie’s Inspector Poirot.

1852-Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" first published. It sold one million copies within six months. The book was the first to treat the horrors of slavery directly and portray slave families not as dumb brutes or happy minstrels but victimized human beings. Because of this book, during the Civil War Yankee soldiers referred to Confederates as women-whippers, and baby stealers. Stowe said modestly: “I didn’t write it, God did. I just took dictation.”When she visited the White House President Lincoln met her with:”So here’s the little lady who started the big war.”

1903- Henri Matisse exhibits at the Salon des Independents in Paris.

1931- Cantors Kosher deli opened in the Fairfax neighborhood of Los Angeles.

1932- The German airship Graff Zeppelin began a regular passenger service between Europe and South America -Cologne to Buenos Aires.

1942- After a harrowing escape from the Philippines through Japanese lines by PT boat, submarine and plane General MacArthur arrived at the Australian town of Darwin. His first radio message was to tell the occupied Philippine people “ I Shall Return!” The U.S. State Department later asked MacArthur to amend his message to the more democratic We Shall Return but the imperious general refused.

1943-MGM's "Dumb Hounded" the first Droopy Cartoon.

1965- After the confrontation on the Edmund Pettis Bridge President Lyndon Johnson ordered 4,000 US troops to protect the Civil Rights protestors led by Martin Luther King marching from Selma to Montgomery. Alabama Governor George Wallace had sicked attack dogs and police on the marchers after promising the President not to. Johnson referred to Gov. Wallace as “a treacherous, lying son of a B*tch!”

1969-John Lennon married Yoko Ono on the Rock of Gibraltar.

1976- Heiress Patty Hearst, aka Tanya, convicted of bank robbery. How she could be tried for bank robbery and her Symbionese Liberation Army captors simultaneously tried for kidnapping her is one of the riddles of American jurisprudence. She was finally pardoned by Bill Clinton in one of those last day in office pardons.

1985- Libby Riddles became the first woman to win the Alaskan Iditarod dog-sled race. She would win it a total of four times.

1995-A Japanese doomsday cult called Aum Shinrikio released a deadly nerve gas called Sarin into the Tokyo subway system. It killed 13 and sickened 5,500. The cult had tried on several occasions to release anthrax and other germs into the air to kill millions but their attempts always failed. Their philosophy Poa stated the souls salvation could be achieved through mass-murder. Two days later Tokyo police raided Aum Shinrikio’s headquarters and arrested their leader Matsumoto Chuizo

1999- After years of attempts and failures involving millionaires like Richard Branson, Rocky Aoki and Malcom Forbes, Dr Bertrand Picard of Switzerland and Brian Jones of the UK became the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a balloon. It was named the Breitling Orbiter 3. Dr Picard said: “I am with the Angels and completely happy.” Mr Jones said: First thing I’ll do is phone my wife, then like a good Englishman I’ll have a cup of tea.”

1999- Legoland opened in Carlsbad Cal.
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Yesterday’s Question: Question answered below: Copernicus was the Latinized form for Nicholas Kopernik, Tamurlane was Timur Khan, who was K’ung fu tzu ?

Answer: Jesuit missionaries called him Confucius.

Weds I went to The Ronald Reagan Library. It is on a wind swept hilltop west of Los Angeles. Because of the winter rains, the hills look very green and pretty. For a few weeks Simi Valley looks like County Cork, until the desert heat makes it all brown again.

click to enlarge

As you’d expect, the Ronald Reagan Library was a last bastion of the hard core, true believer conservatives. I bit my lip a lot. I had visited it once before in 1992 when it as still pretty new. I noticed they had removed the Guest Book people signed. I guess they were tired of people writing %&$* Reagan !! Too often. The crowd was very white. The only African-American I saw in the entire place was on a bookshelf. A book by neo-con polemicist Larry Elder. There was only one mention of former President George W. Bush, another forlorn book on a bottom shelf. I noticed there were no more copies of DUTCH, that weird half-fictional biography of Reagan.



It was fun to walk through the retired Air Force One 707 jet, and check out the Marine One and a visiting copy of the Magna Carta, one of only four copies. There was lots of military stuff like cruise missiles, chunks of the Berlin Wall, toy tanks and uniforms from his movies. It might give you the impression he had a big military career, which he didn’t. I remember an old Warner Bros animator who during World War Two worked at FMPU- First Motion Picture Unit at Ft. Roach in Culver City, near MGM. He laughed- "Every morning Captain Ronald Reagan in his smart, drycleaned uniform would come in to review the war correspondents' footage from overseas. Marlene Dietrich got closer to the Front Lines in pumps and fishnet stockings."

There was no mention of Reagan’s being President of the Screen Actors Guild for fourteen years, during the time he signed contracts to get actors their first residuals. The contract payments was only for films made after 1955, so old acts no longer famous like Laurel & Hardy and the Marx Brothers got nothing. Only one little forlorn cabinet facing the back wall had his testimony to HUAC. Very little about Jane Wyman, his first wife when he was a New Deal Leftie. In the bio movie of him with Judy Davis as Nancy they skip that whole period also. The Conservatives want that fourteen years of his life to just disappear.

There was an entire room dedicated to Red-Commie paranoia, about how bad the Evil Empire was, in which the walls were emblazoned with large quotes from Khruschev and Bukharin about how they would destroy us. All these quotes were said long before the 1980s when Reagan was President. It was almost like it was trying to justify Reagans' massive arms buildup and his Star Wars Program, and stomping hippy anti-Vietnam War protesters when he was governor of California.

It reminded me of a few years ago, when I was contacted by a Reagan biographer in Washington who was digging for details about Ronnies Hollywood Years. I sensed from his questions he was going to write from an obvious favorably doctrinal side. After I burned his ears for awhile about how we in Hollywood Labor thought about the only American President to ever come from our ranks, he stopped calling me.

Still, all in all the visit was fun. The plane was very interesting and the displays and recreation of the Oval Office were fun, but I liked the job they did on the West Wing TV show better. And you can buy all the Jelly-Bellys you want in the gift shop.
Napoleon said History are but Myths we all agree on.